Theses and Dissertations

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    ItemOpen Access
    Analysis of nonlinearity in speech production mechanism for speaker verification: phase-based approach
    (Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2015) Agrawal, Purvi; Patil, Hemant A.
    Many of the real-world signal processing problems can be described using linear models, and can be realized as analog or digital filter, time-invariant filters; finite or infinite impulse response (IIR or FIR) filters. In the recent past, a nonlinear operator called Teager Energy Operator (TEO) has been introduced and investigated as it has a small window in temporal-domain, making it ideal for local time analysis of signals. This thesis aims to explore the nonlinear nature of the speech production mechanism of a speaker. There has been significant advancement in exploring the source and system-based features for speaker recognition attributed to the characteristics of the excitation source and size and shape of the vocal tract. In this work, TEO phase features are derived from fullband speech signal and then on subband speech signal (due to the property of the TEO being a monocomponent operator). In addition, a feature set is derived from residual phase extracted from nonlinear filter designed using Volterra-Weiner (VW) series exploiting higher-order linear as well as nonlinear relationships hidden in the sequence of samples of speech signal. Experiments have been performed on the score-level fusion of the proposed feature sets with state-of-the-art MFCC features for text-independent Speaker Verification (SV) task, based on Gaussian Mixture Model-Universal Background Model (GMM-UBM) system, respectively. The performance of each feature set is evaluated and a comparative study of each of the features is presented. The results obtained provide an evaluation of the nature of the speech production mechanism and provides features to improve performance of SV system.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Wideband active mixer with high gain and high linearity
    (Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2015) Pandey, Vijay Raghav; Gupta, Sanjeev
    An active mixer is presented with improved conversion gain and linearity over a wide range of frequency. The mixer is combined with a low noise amplifier which not only provides braodband input matching but also cancels out noise at the output. The LNA has two stages, input matching stage and noise cancellation stage. The former provides matching for a wide range of frequency and the latter cancels out the noise of the former stage at the output. A PMOS is used to cancel out the non-linear effects of the noise cancellation stage of the LNA thereby improving the linearity of the system. The non-linear effects of input matching stage is canceled by the noise cancellation stage itself. A current bleeding circuit is used to fulfill the large current requirement of the noise cancellation stage and helps in further improvement of the gain. Gilbert cell topology is used which has differential output thereby providing better immunity from noise and fluctuations. The circuit provides a conversion gain of 20 to 24 dB, noise figure of 8 to 13 dB and a linearity of 17.5 dBm for a frequency range of 1 to 6.5 GHz.
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    ItemMetadata only
    Market research for mango crop and multimedia information system on integrated pest and nutrient management
    (Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2011) Sabhaya, Sandip; Chaudhary, Sanjay; Jain, Vikash
    Banana crop is one of the major crop in Gujarat as per productivity concern Gujarat comes 2nd in India. Vadodara, Anand, Kheda, Narmada, Bharuch, Surat, Valasad, Bhavnagar, Junagadh are Banana growing district in Gujarat. Banana production for export relies on only a few varieties, which were selected for their high yields, durability in long distance transport, consistent quality and unblemished appearance. Today’s scenario due to Good quality of Banana in Gujarat a lots of foreign traders comes for imports banana from the Gujarat. Consumption of Fertilizer is huge in Banana and its make productivity. Diseases and pest occurrence is less in Banana. Pesticides help to reduce crop losses by controlling diseases and insects and thereby increase revenue for farmers. Plant needs 16 elements for batter growth and developments. Plant take C, H, O, from the air and soil and NPK from the basic fertilizer like Urea, DAP, MOP etc. but still Micronutrients like Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Bo, Al, Mo etc. Need for batter developments and yield. Two sampling methods were followed e.g. purposive sampling and snow ball sampling. Farmers were interviewed in the two districts where the different molecule for banana was used. All distributors and selected dealers who liquidate different molecule for banana were interviewed to know the market position of Rallis and which molecules and companies are dominant in market and how much farmers are spending for fungicide, pesticide and plan growth nutrients per acre to market under market potential. To find out market potential: total banana cultivated area multiply with average expenses of input application. Bayer has strong business in fungicide due to efficient dealers and distributors in Narmada district. Leading producer of carbandazime i.e. BASF captures maximum area (around 20%) for it business equivalent to syngenta in narmada district. While in vadodara district it covers area about 43% because of following three products; propaconazole, diphinoconazole, coperoxycloride. Carbofuran 3G and Phorate 10G are common molecule for controlling Nematode. 70% farmers are using Carbofuran 3G for controlling Nematode. Carbofuran 3G is concern FMC, Tata rallis are Major Player than after Annu and local companies are playing emerging roll. Area like chain in vadodara district most of farmers are using phorate 10G for nematode control. Some farmers of vadodara district are using biological practices (Neem granule) for nematode control. Banana crop is water loving crop for weed control farmers are use to spray Glyphosate 41% because of its is systemic herbicidecide it kills weed from the root and in area like chain farmers are use to spay parquet dichloride 24% because of it is contect fungicide it gives quick results but 60-70% farmers are using Glyphosate 41% for weed control and companies like Monsanto, Excel are major player because of monsento was initiator of glyphosate 41% that is why farmer uses its product more and Syngenta is well known for parquet dichloride 24%. Complex fertilizer like 12:61:0, 13:0:45, 19:19:19 are common molecule and Ranade, Subhlabh and Nagarjuna are major player. Companies like Orchem, Areis are playing major roll for micro nutrients. Orchem is doing very different way of marketing. They are direct consulting to farmers and selling them and also those who farmer are purchase orchem micronutrients they provide consultancy free of charge throughout crop life. Straight fertilizer like Calcium nitrates, Zink sulphate boron are most used molecules. Day by day boron application is increasing because boron reduces fruit cracking problem at the time when farmers want to gain good weight of banana bunch. Lokmangal, subhlabh and Nagarjuna are major player. For Tata rallis PGN sector is virgin sector for banana crop. Know the farmer’s Buying behavior, different question asked to the farmers. First question was Trend of Application of Agricultural Input. Farmer’s first preference 60 and 70 percent of farmers prefer to apply chemicals before introduction of disease because disease like sigatoka needs control as curative measure (application of fungicide before disease occurrence) and for second Preference 57 and 60 percentage of farmer believe on dealer followed by third see in neighbor field in both Vadodara and Narmada district. Second question was Reasons influencing purchasing decision. Farmer’s first Preference 43 and 46 percent farmers prefer farmers meeting as a best promotional activity than after for second choice individual visit followed by opinion leaders Demonstration and opinion leaders comes. Fourth question was campaigning best for new product launch. Farmer’s first Preference 45 and 47 percent farmers meeting followed by Video show and jeep campaigning as best activity to launch any product as per farmers views in Vadodara and Narmada district. As per analysis and my interaction with farmers I seen average farmers are spending 800 -1100 Rs /acre for controlling disease (sigatoka and collar rot), average Farmer are spending 900-1500 Rs /acre for controlling nematode and as per PGN concern farmer are spending 1500-3500 Rs /acre. Twelve districts are major Banana growing district og Gujarat and the rest right districts are new emerging area of banana majority area under drip irrigation. Banana crop is very profitable crop now days because from the last three years Banana price hick from the average 90 to 160 due export. Approximately Farmers can get RS 1.5 lacks from the one acre and total cost for one acre (including input and Labor cost) is nearly 35thousand. Farmers are not hesitating to buy a costly product for banana farming they just wants result. So for sigatoka control rallis product like argon has good chance to penetrate in market. Because Argon is costly product but it is more effective. After preparing the best recommendation of cultural practices for Banana crop. Macromedia Flash (software) player for e-extension. Through this service farmer can get knowledge himself. It is very handy to use, Even this system we can put online also, so farmers and dealers can excess. It is audio-visual and in local Language, it took hardly 14Mb. So in future we can prepare this system for all crop in all languages and burn it on 1 CD of 700 MB, it’s very cost effective and innovative way of extension because day by day computers and electronic use are increasing rapidly.
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    ItemMetadata only
    Study of market positioning and market potential of Bollgard cotton seed in Gujarat
    (Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2011) Prabhakar, Prabudh Kishor; Ahuja, Nishant; Parikh, Alka
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    Market research for banana crop and development of multimedia system on package of practices for banana cultivating farmers
    (Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2011) Patel, Roshan B.; Jain, Vikash; Chaudhary, Sanjay
    Banana crop is one of the major crop in Gujarat as per productivity concern Gujarat comes 2nd in India. Vadodara, Anand, Kheda, Narmada, Bharuch, Surat, Valasad, Bhavnagar, Junagadh are Banana growing district in Gujarat. Banana production for export relies on only a few varieties, which were selected for their high yields, durability in long distance transport, consistent quality and unblemished appearance. Today’s scenario due to Good quality of Banana in Gujarat a lots of foreign traders comes for imports banana from the Gujarat. Consumption of Fertilizer is huge in Banana and its make productivity. Diseases and pest occurrence is less in Banana. Pesticides help to reduce crop losses by controlling diseases and insects and thereby increase revenue for farmers. Plant needs 16 elements for batter growth and developments. Plant take C, H, O, from the air and soil and NPK from the basic fertilizer like Urea, DAP, MOP etc. but still Micronutrients like Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Bo, Al, Mo etc. Need for batter developments and yield. Two sampling methods were followed e.g. purposive sampling and snow ball sampling. Farmers were interviewed in the two districts where the different molecule for banana was used. All distributors and selected dealers who liquidate different molecule for banana were interviewed to know the market position of Rallis and which molecules and companies are dominant in market and how much farmers are spending for fungicide, pesticide and plan growth nutrients per acre to market under market potential. To find out market potential: total banana cultivated area multiply with average expenses of input application. Bayer has strong business in fungicide due to efficient dealers and distributors in Narmada district. Leading producer of carbandazime i.e. BASF captures maximum area (around 20%) for it business equivalent to syngenta in narmada district. While in vadodara district it covers area about 43% because of following three products; propaconazole, diphinoconazole, coperoxycloride. Carbofuran 3G and Phorate 10G are common molecule for controlling Nematode. 70% farmers are using Carbofuran 3G for controlling Nematode. Carbofuran 3G is concern FMC, Tata rallis are Major Player than after Annu and local companies are playing emerging roll. Area like chain in vadodara district most of farmers are using phorate 10G for nematode control. Some farmers of vadodara district are using biological practices (Neem granule) for nematode control. Banana crop is water loving crop for weed control farmers are use to spray Glyphosate 41% because of its is systemic herbicidecide it kills weed from the root and in area like chain farmers are use to spay parquet dichloride 24% because of it is contect fungicide it gives quick results but 60-70% farmers are using Glyphosate 41% for weed control and companies like Monsanto, Excel are major player because of monsento was initiator of glyphosate 41% that is why farmer uses its product more and Syngenta is well known for parquet dichloride 24%. Complex fertilizer like 12:61:0, 13:0:45, 19:19:19 are common molecule and Ranade, Subhlabh and Nagarjuna are major player. Companies like Orchem, Areis are playing major roll for micro nutrients. Orchem is doing very different way of marketing. They are direct consulting to farmers and selling them and also those who farmer are purchase orchem micronutrients they provide consultancy free of charge throughout crop life. Straight fertilizer like Calcium nitrates, Zink sulphate boron are most used molecules. Day by day boron application is increasing because boron reduces fruit cracking problem at the time when farmers want to gain good weight of banana bunch. Lokmangal, subhlabh and Nagarjuna are major player. For Tata rallis PGN sector is virgin sector for banana crop. Know the farmer’s Buying behavior, different question asked to the farmers. First question was Trend of Application of Agricultural Input. Farmer’s first preference 60 and 70 percent of farmers prefer to apply chemicals before introduction of disease because disease like sigatoka needs control as curative measure (application of fungicide before disease occurrence) and for second Preference 57 and 60 percentage of farmer believe on dealer followed by third see in neighbor field in both Vadodara and Narmada district. Second question was Reasons influencing purchasing decision. Farmer’s first Preference 43 and 46 percent farmers prefer farmers meeting as a best promotional activity than after for second choice individual visit followed by opinion leaders Demonstration and opinion leaders comes. Fourth question was campaigning best for new product launch. Farmer’s first Preference 45 and 47 percent farmers meeting followed by Video show and jeep campaigning as best activity to launch any product as per farmers views in Vadodara and Narmada district. As per analysis and my interaction with farmers I seen average farmers are spending 800 -1100 Rs /acre for controlling disease (sigatoka and collar rot), average Farmer are spending 900-1500 Rs /acre for controlling nematode and as per PGN concern farmer are spending 1500-3500 Rs /acre. Twelve districts are major Banana growing district og Gujarat and the rest right districts are new emerging area of banana majority area under drip irrigation. Banana crop is very profitable crop now days because from the last three years Banana price hick from the average 90 to 160 due export. Approximately Farmers can get RS 1.5 lacks from the one acre and total cost for one acre (including input and Labor cost) is nearly 35thousand. Farmers are not hesitating to buy a costly product for banana farming they just wants result. So for sigatoka control rallis product like argon has good chance to penetrate in market. Because Argon is costly product but it is more effective. After preparing the best recommendation of cultural practices for Banana crop. Macromedia Flash (software) player for e-extension. Through this service farmer can get knowledge himself. It is very handy to use, Even this system we can put online also, so farmers and dealers can excess. It is audio-visual and in local Language, it took hardly 14Mb. So in future we can prepare this system for all crop in all languages and burn it on 1 CD of 700 MB, it’s very cost effective and innovative way of extension because day by day computers and electronic use are increasing rapidly.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Learning to rank: using Bayesian networks
    (Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2011) Gupta, Parth; Mjumder, Prasenjit; Mitra, Suman K.
    Ranking is one of the key components of an Information Retrieval system. Recently supervised learning is involved for learning the ranking function and is called 'Learning to Rank' collectively. In this study we present one approach to solve this problem. We intend to test this problem in di erent stochastic environment and hence we choose to use Bayesian Networks for machine learning. This work also involves experimentation results on standard learning to rank dataset `Letor4.0'[6]. We call our approach as BayesNetRank. We compare the performance of BayesNetRank with another Support Vector Machine(SVM) based approach called RankSVM [5]. Performance analysis is also involved in the study to identify for which kind of queries, proposed system gives results on either extremes. Evaluation results are shown using two rank based evaluation metrics, Mean Average Precision (MAP) and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG).
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    ItemOpen Access
    Micro-level drought preparedness with information management and rural knowledge centres: a framework to support rural farm families
    (Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2010) Guntuku, Dileepkumar; Chaudhary, Sanjay; Balaji, V.
    Drought and desertification are serious problems that significantly affect hundreds of millions of people and ecosystems. When drought occurs, the farm communities are usually the first to be affected because of their heavy dependence on the stored soil water. If the rainfall deficiencies continue, even people who are not directly engaged in agriculture will be affected by drought. This underscores the vulnerability of entire societies to this phenomenon; this vulnerability varies significantly from one nation to another. Although crisis management approach is routinely followed approach for providing relief, the studies on drought, carried out in different parts of the world, suggested that preparedness is better than relief and information is backbone of drought preparedness. However, the efforts have been taken for generating micro-level drought assessment and early warning is least understood until recent years. It was therefore, in this study, an attempt has been made to develop a micro-level drought preparedness framework to support rural farm families. The established practices such as Sources of Agricultural Information management (International/National/Extra-Institutional), Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Enabled Rural Knowledge Centres (RKC), Open and Distance Learning Methods, micro-level drought assessment and early Warning technique have been identified as key components in developing such framework. These components were considered as the objectives of this research study, and conducted series of studies and experiments to understand the existing approaches and needed arrangements in defining and developing proposed framework. For each finding reported in the experimental objectives, a clear chain of evidence was established supported also by interview statements. The individual micro-level drought preparedness framework components were integrated carefully, based on the series of findings, systemic analysis of the data and the continuous interpretation of the observations, to develop the proposed framework. The study concludes that the proposed framework has shown a way to improve micro-level drought preparedness by bringing various ICT tools, information management techniques, open learning approaches, and micro-level drought assessment technique under one umbrella with an intermediary entity called ICT enabled RKCs owned and run by rural farm families. The usability evaluation studies on individual components revealed that the approaches such as these will have implications in planning micro-level drought preparedness strategies. The vulnerable rural families now have the means to estimate their own vulnerability and can use the information available at ICT enabled RKCs to make more informed decisions, which offers a sounder basis for designing drought preparedness and adaptation strategies.