Theses and Dissertations

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Open Access
Automated Analysis of Natural Language Textual Specifications : Conformance and Non-Conformance with Requirement Templates (RTs)
(Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2023) Balwani, Shivani; Tiwari, Saurabh
Natural Language (NL) is widely adopted as the primary method of expressingsoftware requirements, although determining its superiority is challenging. Em� irical evidence suggests that NL is the most commonly used notation in the in dustry for specifying requirements. One of the main advantages of NL is its ac� cessibility to various stakeholders, requiring minimal training for understandingdditionally, NL possesses universality, allowing its application across diverse roblem domains. However, the unrestricted use of NL requirements can result in ambiguities. To address this issue and restrict the usage of NL requirements, requirement Templates (RTs) are employed. RTs have a fixed syntactic structure and consist of predefined slots. When requirements are structured using RTs, en�suring they conform to the specified template is crucial.Manually verifying the conformity of requirements to RTs becomes a tedious task due to the large size of industry requirement documents, and it also intro� duces the possibility of errors. Furthermore, rewriting requirements to conform to the template structure when they initially do not conform presents a significant challenge. To overcome these issues, we propose a tool-assisted approach that automatically verifies whether Functional Requirements (FRs) conform to RTs. It provides a recommendation for a Template Non-Conformance (TNC) requireent by generating a semantically identical requirement that Conforms to th template structure. Our study focused on two well-known RTs, namely, Easy Ap� roach to Requirements Syntax (EARS) and RUPPs, for checking conformance and making recommendations. We utilized Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and applied our approach to industrial and publicly available case studies. Our results demonstrate that the tool-based approach facilitates requireent analysis and aids in recommending requirements based on their conformity ith RTs. Furthermore, we have developed an approach to assess Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) testability by analyzing the associated acceptance criteria We evaluated the applicability of this approach by applying it to various casestudies and determining the testability of the NFRs.
Open Access
Data blocking for partitioned data
(Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2018) Deore, Prajakta Balwant; Bhise, Minal
Since last few years the data consumed and produced by various applications is increasing tremendously. This thesis aims to achieve faster query processing for this data. The overall work of the thesis is divided into three phases, data partitioning, data blocking, and data skipping. Data partitioning includes identifying hot and cold partitions of data and storing as separate data blocks. Partitioned data is stored contiguously on the disk and verified. Data blocking is storing the data blocks on disk such that all hot data blocks are stored together and all cold data blocks are stored together. Data skipping is performed in order to reduce the disk seek time while accessing the data form disk. Data partitioning and blocking is implemented on column oriented database system. Data blocking resulted in significant reduction in amount of data scanned and query response time. The results are obtained for query execution time on three different query categorization such as range queries, nested queries and aggregate queries. On an average for these three types of queries QET became 55 times faster for partitioned data. For the above query categorization data blocking and skipping on an average results in reduction of 97% data scan and hence by accelerates queries.
Open Access
Exact algorithm for segment based sequence alignment
(Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2015) Tailor, Divyesh; Divakaran, Srikrishnan
In bioinformatics, proteins, large biological molecules consisting long chain of amino acids, are described by a sequence of 20 amino acids. To analyze these protein sequences pairwise alignment is being used, which identify regions of similarity that may be a result of structural, functional and/or evolutionary relationship between them. Traditional pairwise alignment algorithms work on residue level; it does not account structural or functional information that protein carries. A new approach for protein sequence analysis is being proposed here, pairwise alignment of two protein sequences based on segments. Segments of the sequences can be formed on the basis of protein feature, i.e., functional sites or secondary structure of the protein. Each segment carries a type and weight for the alignment process. Algorithm should align two sequences such that segments with weight higher than threshold value must align with the similar type of segment and score for the alignment must be maximal for given scoring function. Here, we are proposing a generic framework to understand, explore and experiment proteins based on their features, i.e. structure, function, and evolution.
Open Access
Precision agriculture using wireless sensor network
(Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2015) Joshi, Nikita Rajeshbhai; Shrivastava, Sanjay
Farming practices should evolve with the rapid increase in population. Recent growth in wireless sensor network (WSN) has the capability to meet this objective. Better quality in crop production can be achieved using real-time data collected through WSN. Also, greenhouse allows farming in a controlled environment. Hence, a combination of WSN and greenhouse gives better quality crop yield. Greenhouse requires climate control and fertigation management. Fertigation is a combination of irrigation and fertilization. Existing architectures for greenhouse management collect data of various parameters using sensor nodes and control values of parameters using actuators. These architectures have very limited capability to handle faults in sensors and actuators. Deployment of sensor nodes in these architectures is crop dependent. Therefore, while changing crops, modifications in the location of sensor node is needed and details of this modification should be entered manually in the database. Thus, they are not flexible architectures. In our work, a WSN based architecture for controlled environment like greenhouse is designed. This architecture provides for actuator control using crop requirements stored in the database. The architecture provides for deployment strategies for sensor nodes and actuators using the details about bed size, crop requirements etc. Localization algorithm is used to find the exact location of the sensor node. The architecture is flexible such that whenever location of sensors nodes needs to be changed, location of sensor nodes will be automatically detected using the localization algorithm. We have designed an algorithm to detect faults in sensor nodes and actuators. These faults are isolated or reported to the user. The architecture provides for network management strategies to control energy consumption of sensor nodes which eventually helps in increasing network lifetime. WSN algorithms for sleep scheduling and localization are used to support these features.We designed a system for a specific group of crops namely tomato, capsicum and cucumber using the architecture. This system is simulated in NS2 and it is verified that system is working as expected.
Open Access
Analysis of various DFT techniques in the ASIC designs
(Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2013) Rathod, Gayatri Manohar; Bhatt, Amit
With the increasing demand of mobile communication industry and highly progressive VLSI technology, muti-million gates silicon chips are in the market. And to have fault free, reliable chips, extended facility of testable circuit has to be added into the original design. The design technique which includes the testability logic into the design at the logical synthesis level is known as Design for Test abbreviated as DFT [1]. To achieve better fault coverage, I have chosen full scan chain insertion technique for OR1200 design. OR1200 is a 32-bit microprocessor with 5-stage pipeline [12]. Its RTL code is taken from opencores.org and Cadence RTL Compiler version 11.1 is used for logic synthesis. For testing and verification, Encounter Test Version 11.1 and NCVerilog simulator is used. To improve the testability of the design, Deterministic fault analysis and Random Resistant Fault Analysis techniques are also added to the design. Effects of all hardware DFT techniques are analysed in terms of area, dynamic power dissipation and gate count. Main low power technique i.e. clock gating is also inserted along with DFT to achieve better performance in terms of power dissipation. DFT causes 25% of increase in die area and 12% of increase in dynamic power. This is acceptable as we will get OR1200 design with 99.67% fault coverage area.
Open Access
Exploring suitable classifier for robust face and facial expression recognition.
(Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2013) Jain, Deshna; Mitra, Suman K.
Face recognition by machines has been studied since last few decades and the problem is attempted to be solved by various ways. However any robust solution is not acheived yet by the researchers due to numerous challenges involved like illumination changes, pose variation, occlusion, cluttered background, noncooperation of the subject and ageing effect on human face. We have worked by modelling the problem as a pattern recogniton problem. The solution of this problem involves mainly three steps: (a) Face detection and segmentation, (b) Feature extraction, and (c) Classiﬁcation or recognition. We have worked on ﬁnding the robust classiﬁer for face and facial expression recognition. Naive Bayes Classiﬁer (NBC) is the statistical classiﬁer that works by estimating the maximum probability of the possible classes to which the testing data point may belong assuming that the features are mutually independent. It makes use of Bayes rule for likelihood computation. This approach works well if the distribution of the features is known accurately. Otherwise, probability distribution of the features belonging to corresponding classes has to be estimated with density estimation techniques. Here features are assumed to follow Gaussian distribution. Experiments are done for classifying faces from YALE face database and DAIICT database, taking ELPP coefﬁcients as the features. Another classiﬁer we used is Support Vector Machine (SVM) that works by ﬁnding the decision plane between two classes. It ﬁnds the decision plane with the help of support vectors having maximum margin between them. Experiments performed with SVM give better results than NBC for both DAIICT and YALE face database. While using NBC, one of the estimation techniques that is used in this work is Kernel Density Estimation also known as Parzen window. The approach estimates the density of a point for a given dataset with a global bandwidth. This classiﬁcation technique is used for face recognition using YALE face database and DAIICT database. For DAIICT database the estimation method shows different results for the same dataset with different parameters whereas no signiﬁcant results are obtained for YALE face database. On the other hand, in the whole algorithm there is no measure of best ﬁt of the estimatd curve involved. These issues are resolved by using Pearson’s chi-squared test for testing goodness of ﬁt of the estimation with changing parameters of the selected bandwidth. In addition to this, bandwidth is kept dynamic by computing it with neighboring datapoints instead of keeping it global. This approach performs better than the former one for YALE face database and equivalent for DAIICT database. The experiments are extended for classifying the facial expressions as well. A comparision of KNN, NBC, proposed approach for NBC and SVM is presented in the work. SVM outperformed all the classiﬁers for both the databases.
Open Access
Fingerprint image preprocessing for robust recognition
(Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2012) Munshi, Paridhi; Mitra, Suman K
Fingerprint is the oldest and most widely used form of biometric identification. Since they are mainly used in forensic science, accuracy in the fingerprint identification is highly important. This accuracy is dependent on the quality of image. Most of the fingerprint identification systems are based on minutiae matching and a critical step in correct matching of fingerprint minutiae is to reliably extract minutiae from the fingerprint images. However, fingerprint images may not be of good quality. They may be degraded and corrupted due to variations in skin, pressure and impression conditions. Most of the feature extraction algorithms work on binary images instead of the gray scale image and results of the feature extraction depends upon the quality of binary image used. Keeping these points in mind, image preprocessing including enhancement and binarization is proposed in this work. This preprocessing is employed prior to minutiae extraction to obtain a more reliable estimation of minutiae locations and hence to get a robust matching performance. In this dissertation, we give an introduction to the ngerprint structure and identification system . A discussion on the proposed methodology and implementation of technique for fingerprint image enhancement is given. Then a rough-set based method for binarization is proposed followed by the discussion on the methods for minutiae extraction. Experiments are conducted on real fingerprint images to evaluate the performance of the implemented techniques.
Open Access
Study of the effectiveness of various low power techniques on sequential and combinational gate dominated designs
(Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2012) Rana, Kunj; Bhatt, Amit
In last decade, the technological advancement is seen in semiconductor field like never before. The need for low power has caused a major paradigm shift where power dissipation has become as important consideration as performance and area. The size of the electronic equipments is getting smaller and smaller which requires smaller integrated circuits (ICs). Due to this the power consumption happens to be a major concern in developing the smaller ICs. The objective of the dissertation is to develop a low power digital design flow using Cadence® tools. This report discusses various strategies and methods for designing low power circuits and systems. It describes the many issues facing designers at various levels and presents some of the techniques that have been proposed to overcome these difficulties. To do this, particular RTL (Verilog code) is taken for some design. First various floorplans are tested on the design for better power number then using the same design, analysis on two different interconnect estimation model is done. Finally using the floorplan and interconnect estimation model analysis results low power implementation is done for the same design which is passed through various steps of digital design flow like synthesis, floor planning, placement, routing, and converted to GDSII (Graphic Database System) file format which can be directly sent to foundry. In low power implementation several techniques like clock gating, operand isolation, and multi Vt cells are used with some enhancement switches provided by the tool
Metadata only
Study of various information and services provided by different service providers in the agriculture domain
(Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2011) Vardia, Kotish; Chaudhary, Sanjay; Reddy, P.V.
This study titled “Study of various Information and Services provided by Different Service Providers in the Agriculture domain” was done under organization Rallis India ltd. Rallis has been in regular contact of farmers. It felt that farmers are in need of technical information from time to time. If some service can be provided by Rallis end to help farmers to increase their income. This will eventually help Rallis in having a satisfied customer base. This study was conducted to know about some of prominent information and service provider in market. Three information and service providers were chosen in study viz. Reuters Market Light, IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Limited, mana Gromer Retail Outlets. The study looks for details like information provided by services provider, cost of service, duration of usage, satisfaction level of users and further improvements required in service. A structured questionnaire was prepared to take responses from subscribed farmers. Besides this information requirements and medium for information transfer views were also taken from subscribed and unsubscribed farmers. Reuters Market Light has been working in 13 states of India. They are providing information related to weather forecast, market prices and some general agriculture information’s and research innovations. The farmers interviewed were using service since duration from 1 month to 2 years. Overall 90 percent of farmers were satisfied with service and had no literacy related issue with SMS. SMS were sent in regional languages. Farmers required improvements in service like more markets be included in service, more precise weather forecast and general agriculture information should be included. IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Limited (ISKL), collaboration between IFFCO and Airtel has developed Green Sim card for farmers. These Sim cards receive five free voice cells related to agriculture everyday as value added service. The active base of this service was found to be low. Farmer switch over to other subscribers after using talk time of sim cards and this service is limited only for Green Sim cards customers. 50 percent of surveyed active user farmers were not satisfied with service. Calls were not properly scheduled and once calls not received, information is lost for that day. Call retrieval and helpline is also provided by IKSL, but farmers are not aware about the facility. Mana Gromer Retail outlets was started by Coromandal Fertilizers to supply agriculture inputs at one place. Coromandal fertilizers have done collaboration with other inputs company to sell their produce from the outlets. Farmers’ subscriptions were done to provide services. These services include fertilizers at fixed prices, concession on inputs except fertilizers, free soil testing, accidental insurance and optional life insurance. Farmers were more interested to get fertilizers at fixed prices rather than other services. Fertilizers purchase was clubbed with pesticides sale resulting in additional burden on farmers. Soil test reports were not received by farmers. Farmers were not much satisfied with service due to faults in soil tests, insurances and limited service by outlets. Both subscribed and unsubscribed farmers were in need of information related to agriculture. Disease and pest information, weather information, market prices, fertilizer availability information, Government schemes and policies are some of the main information requirements among farmers. A precise customized information service requirement is felt among farmers. Views were taken from farmers about medium through which information could be provided to them. Various medium like SMS voice calls, field visit by experts, Helpline and SMS came out to be most favorable options by farmers. Rallis has already have crop advisors for field visits. There are information’s that can’t be even provided by crop advisors on a consistent basis. Crop advisors would not be able to interact with all farmers daily. So a helpline and SMS based advisory system is most likely to be useful for farmers. The information provided by this system, would be customized as per the requirements of farmers. The content will mainly consist of market prices, weather information, general agriculture information and government schemes. The market informationcan be taken from some organization on a regular basis. Weather information can be made available from collaboration with ISRO or Indian Meteorological Department. General agriculture information can be prepared by Rallis itself. These all content information can be sent to farmers via SMS gateways or GSM modems. This information can be provided to farmers as subscriptions schemes. Overall this service would be able to fill the gape of information among farmers. This service can also be a profitable business venture to join the agriculture services domain of Rallis.
Metadata only
Market research for mango crop and multimedia information system on integrated pest and nutrient management
(Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 2011) Sabhaya, Sandip; Chaudhary, Sanjay; Jain, Vikash
Banana crop is one of the major crop in Gujarat as per productivity concern Gujarat comes 2nd in India. Vadodara, Anand, Kheda, Narmada, Bharuch, Surat, Valasad, Bhavnagar, Junagadh are Banana growing district in Gujarat. Banana production for export relies on only a few varieties, which were selected for their high yields, durability in long distance transport, consistent quality and unblemished appearance. Today’s scenario due to Good quality of Banana in Gujarat a lots of foreign traders comes for imports banana from the Gujarat. Consumption of Fertilizer is huge in Banana and its make productivity. Diseases and pest occurrence is less in Banana. Pesticides help to reduce crop losses by controlling diseases and insects and thereby increase revenue for farmers. Plant needs 16 elements for batter growth and developments. Plant take C, H, O, from the air and soil and NPK from the basic fertilizer like Urea, DAP, MOP etc. but still Micronutrients like Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Bo, Al, Mo etc. Need for batter developments and yield. Two sampling methods were followed e.g. purposive sampling and snow ball sampling. Farmers were interviewed in the two districts where the different molecule for banana was used. All distributors and selected dealers who liquidate different molecule for banana were interviewed to know the market position of Rallis and which molecules and companies are dominant in market and how much farmers are spending for fungicide, pesticide and plan growth nutrients per acre to market under market potential. To find out market potential: total banana cultivated area multiply with average expenses of input application. Bayer has strong business in fungicide due to efficient dealers and distributors in Narmada district. Leading producer of carbandazime i.e. BASF captures maximum area (around 20%) for it business equivalent to syngenta in narmada district. While in vadodara district it covers area about 43% because of following three products; propaconazole, diphinoconazole, coperoxycloride. Carbofuran 3G and Phorate 10G are common molecule for controlling Nematode. 70% farmers are using Carbofuran 3G for controlling Nematode. Carbofuran 3G is concern FMC, Tata rallis are Major Player than after Annu and local companies are playing emerging roll. Area like chain in vadodara district most of farmers are using phorate 10G for nematode control. Some farmers of vadodara district are using biological practices (Neem granule) for nematode control. Banana crop is water loving crop for weed control farmers are use to spray Glyphosate 41% because of its is systemic herbicidecide it kills weed from the root and in area like chain farmers are use to spay parquet dichloride 24% because of it is contect fungicide it gives quick results but 60-70% farmers are using Glyphosate 41% for weed control and companies like Monsanto, Excel are major player because of monsento was initiator of glyphosate 41% that is why farmer uses its product more and Syngenta is well known for parquet dichloride 24%. Complex fertilizer like 12:61:0, 13:0:45, 19:19:19 are common molecule and Ranade, Subhlabh and Nagarjuna are major player. Companies like Orchem, Areis are playing major roll for micro nutrients. Orchem is doing very different way of marketing. They are direct consulting to farmers and selling them and also those who farmer are purchase orchem micronutrients they provide consultancy free of charge throughout crop life. Straight fertilizer like Calcium nitrates, Zink sulphate boron are most used molecules. Day by day boron application is increasing because boron reduces fruit cracking problem at the time when farmers want to gain good weight of banana bunch. Lokmangal, subhlabh and Nagarjuna are major player. For Tata rallis PGN sector is virgin sector for banana crop. Know the farmer’s Buying behavior, different question asked to the farmers. First question was Trend of Application of Agricultural Input. Farmer’s first preference 60 and 70 percent of farmers prefer to apply chemicals before introduction of disease because disease like sigatoka needs control as curative measure (application of fungicide before disease occurrence) and for second Preference 57 and 60 percentage of farmer believe on dealer followed by third see in neighbor field in both Vadodara and Narmada district. Second question was Reasons influencing purchasing decision. Farmer’s first Preference 43 and 46 percent farmers prefer farmers meeting as a best promotional activity than after for second choice individual visit followed by opinion leaders Demonstration and opinion leaders comes. Fourth question was campaigning best for new product launch. Farmer’s first Preference 45 and 47 percent farmers meeting followed by Video show and jeep campaigning as best activity to launch any product as per farmers views in Vadodara and Narmada district. As per analysis and my interaction with farmers I seen average farmers are spending 800 -1100 Rs /acre for controlling disease (sigatoka and collar rot), average Farmer are spending 900-1500 Rs /acre for controlling nematode and as per PGN concern farmer are spending 1500-3500 Rs /acre. Twelve districts are major Banana growing district og Gujarat and the rest right districts are new emerging area of banana majority area under drip irrigation. Banana crop is very profitable crop now days because from the last three years Banana price hick from the average 90 to 160 due export. Approximately Farmers can get RS 1.5 lacks from the one acre and total cost for one acre (including input and Labor cost) is nearly 35thousand. Farmers are not hesitating to buy a costly product for banana farming they just wants result. So for sigatoka control rallis product like argon has good chance to penetrate in market. Because Argon is costly product but it is more effective. After preparing the best recommendation of cultural practices for Banana crop. Macromedia Flash (software) player for e-extension. Through this service farmer can get knowledge himself. It is very handy to use, Even this system we can put online also, so farmers and dealers can excess. It is audio-visual and in local Language, it took hardly 14Mb. So in future we can prepare this system for all crop in all languages and burn it on 1 CD of 700 MB, it’s very cost effective and innovative way of extension because day by day computers and electronic use are increasing rapidly.

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